Nature and Climate
Nature and Landscape of North Macedonia
North Macedonia features a diverse and captivating natural landscape shaped by its geographical location and varied topography. Despite its small size, the country is rich in natural features, including rugged mountains, fertile valleys, serene lakes, and winding rivers, all contributing to its ecological and scenic richness.
Mountains and Topography
Approximately 80% of North Macedonia is mountainous, dominated by the Šar Mountains and the Korab Range in the west, with Mount Korab standing as the highest peak at 2,764 meters. These rugged ranges are part of the Dinaric Alps, while central and eastern areas feature gentler mountains and fertile valleys like the Vardar Valley, crucial for agriculture and transport.
Rivers and Lakes
The Vardar River, stretching 388 kilometers, is the country's main waterway, linking North Macedonia to the Aegean Sea. Other rivers like the Crna and Bregalnica also support agriculture and tourism. The country’s three prominent lakes—Lake Ohrid, Lake Prespa, and Lake Dojran—are vital ecological and cultural landmarks. Lake Ohrid, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is famed for its biodiversity, while Lake Prespa and Lake Dojran are significant for birdwatching and local economies.
Forests and Biodiversity
Forests cover 38% of North Macedonia’s land, ranging from lowland woodlands to high-altitude coniferous forests. These areas support diverse wildlife, including deer, wolves, lynxes, and endemic plant species, contributing to the country’s rich biodiversity.
Climate
North Macedonia’s climate varies, with Mediterranean conditions in the south and west, a continental climate in central and eastern regions, and cooler, snowy conditions in the mountains. Summers are warm, often exceeding 30°C in lowlands, while winters bring snow to higher altitudes, ideal for skiing and other winter activities.
